Captions provided by CCTubes – Captioning the Internet! You can check out Google’s Science Journal app at https://g.co/sciencejournal
In order to understand where hearts came from, we have to go back to the earliest common ancestor of everything that has a heart. It took hundreds of millions of years, and countless different iterations of the same basic structure to lead to the heart that you have today.
Thanks as always to Nobu Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/
Thanks to Ceri Thomas for the Ichthyostega reconstruction. Check out more of Ceri’s paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, Larry Wilson, Merri Snaidman, Renzo Caimi Ordenes, John Vanek, Neil H. Gray, Marilyn Wolmart, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, سلطان الخليفي, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ron Harvey Jr, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan
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References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378490/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00018-007-6524-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614224/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1997.tb00458.x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3097462/
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4560
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2014/april/earliest-heart-blood-discovered.html
http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/science-fossil-oldest-known-cardiovascular-system-01839.html
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0201702
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7915669
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10355031
https://genent.cals.ncsu.edu/bug-bytes/circulatory-system/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12439
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/whitesea/kimberella/kimberella.htm
http://www.tulane.edu/~bfleury/diversity/labguide/mollannel.html
https://academic.oup.com/mollus/article-abstract/42/1/46/1240276?redirectedFrom=PDF
https://circsystems.weebly.com/mollusca.html
https://www.britannica.com/animal/mollusk/Evolution-and-paleontology
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joa.12687
https://www.thoughtco.com/evolution-of-the-human-heart-1224781
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488912002868
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459601/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28905992
