Captions provided by CCTubes – Captioning the Internet! The PBSDS Annual Audience Survey: https://to.pbs.org/2018YTSurvey
The ancestors of modern horses became so successful that they spread all over the world, to Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa. But in their native range of North America, they’ll vanish for 10,000 years. Until another strange mammal brings them back.
The illustration of Equus Simplicidens–also known as the Hagerman Horse–is by Roger Hall. You can check out more of Roger’s work at http://InkArt.net
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
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References:
Fossil Horses by Bruce J. MacFadden
http://www.ajsonline.org/content/s3-12/71/401.extract
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4522989?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
http://chem.tufts.edu/science/evolution/horseevolution.htm
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fhc/firstCM.htm
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12052-012-0394-1
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/features/environment/wild-horses-part-one/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440313000241
https://www.palass.org/publications/palaeontology-journal/archive/39/3/article_pp663-680
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature02098
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04604
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1476//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/bul/B022a22.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/spierce/news/going-monodactyl
https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/June-2014/The-Arctic-Azolla-event
http://facstaff.uwa.edu/jmccall/Evolution%20of%20the%20Horse.htm
